2025 SCHOOL CHOICE LEGISLATIVE UPDATE

A bill was enacted in Utah which introduces new requirements for their ESA program. A handful of new bills were introduced as well. You’ll notice an increasing number of bills marked as “stalled” in the coming weeks – these will move down to the bottom section once they have had no movement for the last two months. 

Total # of private school choice bills introduced this term: 119

Total # of bills to create new private school choice programs: 68

Total # of states that have introduced at least one private school choice bill this term: 37

Total # of active private school choice bills: 101

  • ESA – 50
  • Tax Credit Scholarship – 14
  • Voucher – 16
  • Refundable Tax Credit – 21

Below is a list of active school legislation. Enacted (or soon to be enacted) legislation is highlighted in green. Bills introduced or have passed a chamber in the last week are highlighted in yellow. Failed or stalled bills are highlighted in red. Bill numbers with asterisks (*) next to them are our highest priority bills this session.

STATETYPE OF BILL STATUSBILL NUMBERLINKNEW PROGRAM (Y/N)
Enacted Legislation
IdahoRefundable Tax CreditEnactedHB93*https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2025/legislation/H0093/YES
TennesseeESAEnactedHB6004/ SB6001*https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=HB6004&ga=114YES
UtahESAEnactedHB455https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0455.htmlNO
WyomingESAEnactedHB199*https://wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2025/HB0199NO
Active Legislation
ArizonaESAPassed First Chamber (Senate)SB1454https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/82874NO
ArkansasESAIntroducedHB1451https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R&measureno=HB1451NO
CaliforniaESAIntroducedSB64https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB64YES
ConnecticutTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedSB122https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=SB00122&which_year=2025YES
GeorgiaTax Credit ScholarshipPassed 1st Chamber (House)HB328*https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/70057NO
GeorgiaESAPassed First ChamberSB152*https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/70245NO
HawaiiVoucherIntroducedHB273https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=273&year=2025YES
IllinoisESAIntroducedHB2822https://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=2822&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=160896&SessionID=114&GA=104YES
IllinoisESAIntroducedHB2820http://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=2820&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=160894&SessionID=114&GA=104YES
IllinoisTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedHB2649http://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=2649&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=160604&SessionID=114&GA=104NO
IllinoisTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedSB0261https://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=261&GAID=18&DocTypeID=SB&LegId=157698&SessionID=114&GA=104NO
IllinoisTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedHB3147http://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3147&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=161548&SessionID=114&GA=104NO
IndianaVoucherPassed 1st Chamber (House)HB1515https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2025/bills/house/1515/detailsNO
IndianaESAStalledHB1636https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2025/bills/house/1636/detailsYES
IndianaVoucherIntroducedHB1652https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2025/bills/house/1652/detailsNO
IndianaVoucherPassed First ChamberSB358*https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2025/bills/senate/358/detailsNO
IndianaESAIntroducedSB363https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2025/bills/senate/363/detailsNO
IowaESAIntroducedHF445*https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ba=HF445&ga=91NO
KansasRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedHB2156https://www.kslegislature.gov/li/b2025_26/measures/hb2156/YES
KansasESAIntroducedSB252http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2025_26/measures/sb252/NO
KansasRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB75https://www.kslegislature.gov/li/b2025_26/measures/sb75/YES
MaineESAIntroducedLD220 / HB143https://legislature.maine.gov/billtracker/#Paper/220?legislature=132YES
MassachusettsTax Credit ScholarshipStalledSD729https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/SD729YES
MinnesotaESAIntroducedHF19https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/text.php?number=HF0019&version=latest&session=94&session_number=0&session_year=2025&utm_source=ActiveCampaign&utm_medium=email&utm_content=House%20DFL%20caves&utm_campaign=Capitol%20Watch%200209YES
MinnesotaESAIntroducedSF1007https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=Senate&f=SF1007&ssn=0&y=2025YES
MinnesotaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSF1554https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=Senate&f=SF1554&ssn=0&y=2025YES
MinnesotaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedHF779https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=House&f=HF779&ssn=0&y=2025YES
MinnesotaESAIntroducedSB244https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=Senate&f=SF244&ssn=0&y=2025YES
MinnesotaESAIntroducedSF1974https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=Senate&f=SF1974&ssn=0&y=2025YES
MississippiESAPassed 1st ChamberHB1078https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2025/pdf/history/HB/HB1078.xmlNO
MissouriVoucherStalledSB572https://www.senate.mo.gov/25info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=2238194YES
MissouriESAIntroducedHB 519http://www.house.mo.gov/BillContent.aspx?bill=HB519&year=2025&code=R%20NO
MissouriESAStalledHB812https://house.mo.gov/BillContent.aspx?bill=HB812&year=2025&code=R%20NO
MissouriESAIntroducedHB568https://house.mo.gov/bill.aspx?bill=HB568&year=2025&code=RNO
MissouriESAIntroducedHB1221https://house.mo.gov/BillContent.aspx?bill=HB1221&year=2025&code=R%20YES
MissouriRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB195https://www.senate.mo.gov/25info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=402YES
MissouriRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB53https://www.senate.mo.gov/25info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=291YES
MissouriESAIntroducedSB675*http://www.senate.mo.gov/25info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=3969391NO
MontanaTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedLC 3480https://bills.legmt.gov/#/lc/bill/2/LC3480NO
MontanaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedHB209https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1701?open_tab=billYES
NebraskaVoucherIntroducedLB633https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=59568YES
NebraskaESAIntroducedLB427https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=59412YES
NebraskaVoucherIntroducedLB624https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=59768YES
NebraskaTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedLB509https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=59783YES
NebraskaVoucherIntroducedLB481https://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/109/PDF/Intro/LB481.pdfYES
NebraskaVoucherIntroducedLB557https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=59652YES
NevadaTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedAB214https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/83rd2025/Bill/12216/OverviewNO
NevadaESAIntroducedSB252*https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/83rd2025/Bill/12392/OverviewYES
New HampshireESAIntroducedSB295*https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/results.aspx?adv=2&txtbillno=SB295NO
New HampshireESAIntroducedHB748https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/results.aspx?adv=2&txtbillno=HB748YES
New HampshireTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedHB483https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/results.aspx?adv=2&txtbillno=HB483NO
New HampshireESAIntroducedHB402https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/billinfo.aspx?id=714NO
New MexicoTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedHB324http://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=H&legType=B&legNo=324&year=25YES
North DakotaESAPassed 1st ChamberHB1540*https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo1540.htmlYES
North DakotaESAPassed 1st ChamberSB2400*https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo2400.htmlYES
North DakotaESAIntroducedHB1590https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo1590.htmlYES
OhioESAIntroducedSB68https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/sb68YES
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB472http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB472&Session=2500NO
OklahomaESAIntroducedSB247http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB247&Session=2500YES
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedHB1395http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=HB1395&Session=2500NO
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedHB1742http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=HB1742&Session=2500NO
OklahomaVoucherIntroducedHB2928http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=HB2928&Session=2500NO
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB686http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB686&Session=2500NO
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB682http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB682&Session=2500NO
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB683http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB683&Session=2500NO
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB684http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB684&Session=2500NO
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB685http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB685&Session=2500NO
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB1016http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB1016&Session=2500NO
OklahomaVoucherPassed 1st ChamberSB105*http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB105&Session=2500NO
OklahomaTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedHB407 / SB285http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB407&Session=1900NO
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB229http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB229&Session=2500NO
OklahomaRefundable Tax CreditPassed 1st ChamberHB1279http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=HB1279&Session=2500NO
OklahomaVoucherIntroducedSB376http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB376&Session=2500NO
OregonESAIntroducedHB3217https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/HB3217YES
OregonVoucherIntroducedSB630https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/SB630YES
PennsylvaniaESAIntroducedSB304https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/sb304YES
Rhode IslandESAIntroducedSB112https://status.rilegislature.gov/bill_history_report.aspx?year=2025&bills=112YES
Rhode IslandESAIntroducedSB253https://status.rilegislature.gov/bill_history_report.aspx?year=2025&bills=253YES
South CarolinaTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedStalledhttps://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=50&session=126&summary=BYES
South CarolinaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedStalledhttps://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=108&session=126&summary=BYES
South CarolinaTax Credit ScholarshipIntroducedStalledhttps://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=3420YES
South CarolinaESAPassed 2nd ChamberSB62*https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess126_2025-2026/bills/62.htmNO
South CarolinaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedSB0306https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=306&session=126&summary=BNO
South DakotaESAIntroducedHB1020https://sdlegislature.gov/Session/Bill/25659YES
South DakotaESAIntroducedHB1009https://sdlegislature.gov/Session/Bill/25724YES
TennesseeESAIntroducedSB1 / HB1https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/billinfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=sb0001YES
TennesseeESAIntroducedSB1338 / HB1052http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB1338&ga=114NO
TexasESAPassed 1st Chamber (Senate)SB2*https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=SB2YES
TexasVoucherIntroducedHB212https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB212YES
TexasESAIntroducedHB612https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB612YES
TexasESAIntroducedHB3*https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB3YES
TexasVoucherIntroducedHB3143https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB3143YES
TexasESAIntroducedHB3938https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB3938YES
UtahESAIntroducedSB107https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/SB0107.htmlNO
VermontVoucherIntroducedH89https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.89YES
VirginiaESAIntroducedSB1346https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/SB1346YES
WashingtonESAIntroducedHB1140http://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1140&Year=2025YES
West VirginiaRefundable Tax CreditIntroducedHB2405http://www.wvlegislature.gov/bill_status/bills_history.cfm?input=2405&year=2025&sessiontype=rs&btype=billYES
West VirginiaESAIntroducedHB2142http://www.wvlegislature.gov/bill_status/bills_history.cfm?input=2329&year=2025&sessiontype=rs&btype=billNO
West VirginiaESAIntroducedHB2329http://www.wvlegislature.gov/bill_status/bills_history.cfm?input=2329&year=2025&sessiontype=rs&btype=billNO
West VirginiaESAIntroducedSB409http://www.wvlegislature.gov/bill_status/bills_history.cfm?input=409&year=2025&sessiontype=rs&btype=billNO
Failed and Stalled Bills
ConnecticutVoucherStalledSB503https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=SB503&which_year=2025YES
IdahoRefundable Tax CreditStalledHB1https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2025/legislation/H0001YES
IdahoRefundable Tax CreditStalledH39https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2025/legislation/H0039/YES
MississippiVoucherFailedHB1161https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2025/pdf/history/HB/HB1161.xmlYES
MississippiVoucherFailedHB1162https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2025/pdf/history/HB/HB1162.xmlNO
MississippiESAFailedHB1165https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2025/pdf/history/HB/HB1165.xmlNO
MississippiESAFailedHB39http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2025/pdf/history/HB/HB0039.xmlYES
North DakotaESAFailed (in House)HB1607https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo1607.htmlYES
North DakotaESAFailed (in Senate)SB2303https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo2303.htmlYES
North DakotaRefundable Tax CreditFailed (in Senate)HB1244http://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo1244.htmlYES
VirginiaESAFailedHB2231https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2231YES
VirginiaRefundable Tax CreditFailedHB2639https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2639YES
VirginiaTax Credit ScholarshipFailedHB2762https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2762NO
VirginiaTax Credit ScholarshipFailedHB2759https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2759NO